Massive MIMO Technology
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a communication technique that uses multiple antennas simultaneously at the transmitter and receiver ends of a wireless communication system. The massive MIMO refers to a MIMO system in which the number of antenna roots reaches tens or hundreds or more, which can achieve higher spectral efficiency and better channel capacity, thus improving network performance. The number of antennas of an ordinary MIMO system is generally 4 (2T2R), 8 (4T4R) or 16 (8T8R), while the antennas of a massive MIMO system can be up to 64T64R, 128T128R, or even 256T256R. The antennas of a normal MIMO system are generally arranged only in the horizontal direction, while the antennas of a massive MIMO system are arranged in both horizontal and vertical directions to form a plane.
Simultaneous Same Frequency Full Duplex CCFD
Traditional duplexing methods: TDD and FDD, they both need to divide the communication resources into two for two-way communication, requiring double the resource overhead.
Simultaneous same-frequency full duplex CCFD: two-way communication is achieved at the same time and in the same frequency band, which improves the spectrum efficiency and increases the data throughput of the system.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM and F-OFDM
OFDM signals in wireless communication 4G network, although the protected band is not required in the continuous frequency band, the protected band is still used at the edge of the frequency band, the bandwidth occupied by this protected band reaches 10% of the total bandwidth, which means that 10% of the frequency resources are wasted.
The improvement in 5G is the use of F-OFDM, where leakage is greatly improved and the band occupied by protected bands is reduced to 2-3%, resulting in an increase in data rates of around 8%.
Filter team multicarrier technique FBMC
In OFDM systems, due to the multipath effect of the wireless channel and thus inter-symbol interference occurs. In order to eliminate the inter-symbol interference (ISL), a protection interval is inserted between the symbols. Usually the protection interval is filled by CP (Cycle Prefix), which is a system overhead and does not transmit valid data, thus reducing the spectral efficiency.
On the other hand, FBMC utilises a set of non-interleaved band-limited subcarriers to achieve multi-carrier transmission. FMC has very little inter-carrier interference caused by frequency bias and does not require CP (Cycle Prefix), which greatly improves the frequency efficiency.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
NOMA adds a dimension to OFDM - the power domain. The transmitter sends non-orthogonal, actively introducing interference (although individual users are still OFDMA, the subcarriers of different users overlap in the same frequency band, so that the overall 'non-orthogonal multiple access'); the receiver uses serial interference cancellation SIC technology to demodulate (separating the most powerful signals in order).
The original orthogonal multiple access OFDMA requires strict access procedures and scheduling control, which is costly and limits the number of nodes that can be accessed.NOMA can take advantage of differences in path losses to superimpose multiple transmit signals to improve signal gain. It enables all mobile devices in the same cell coverage area to obtain the maximum accessible bandwidth, which can solve the network challenges due to large-scale connectivity.
Network Slicing Technology
Network slicing is to divide the physical network into multiple virtual networks, each corresponding to a different scenario, to meet different service requirements (latency, bandwidth, reliability), each network slice operates independently, each taking what it needs, overall more effective use of resources, to achieve classification management, flexible deployment.